Kodi mumayang'anapo kumwamba usiku ndikudabwa kuti ndi chiyani china chomwe chili kunja kwa ife? Kodi mukuganiza kuti mukusiya malo athu abwino ndikuyenda kwinakwake kutali, ndikuyitanitsa malo atsopanowa? Zonsezi zakhala zikuwululidwa kuti zitheke, ndipo anthu posachedwa adzasiya zabwino zanyumba yawo yakunyumba kuti akagwire ntchito pa pulaneti ya Mars. Kuyenda ku Mars kwatulutsa malingaliro athu onse ndipo malingaliro apamwamba mu sayansi pakadali pano akukonzekera mapulani, pulani yomwe isinthe malingaliro athu amoyo ndi dziko lapansi monga tikudziwira. "Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuti takhala ndiukadaulo wochita izi kwazaka zosachepera makumi atatu, atero a Stephen Petranek, Wolemba wa Momwe Tidzakhalire pa Mars. ” Petranek akufotokozanso izi “Kufufuza kuli mu DNA yathu. Kuti tikhale ndi moyo, tiyenera kupita kumayiko ena. ”

MARS idakhazikitsidwa mtsogolo komanso masiku ano. Ndikunena nthano kosangalatsa komanso kuphatikiza kwa zolembedwa pamodzi ndi sewero lomwe zidasinthidwa ziwonetsanso kanema wawayilesi ndikupatsa mibadwo yonse ndi zokonda. Zino zikusiyani m'mphepete mwa kama wanu, mukuwombedwa, ndikudabwa, ndipita liti ku Mars? MARS idzatsegula zotsekeka zamibadwo yatsopano yamalingaliro kuti zizikhala ndi chidwi chofufuza mlengalenga ndikukhazikitsa ntchito za ambiri, pomwe m'badwo wachikulire udzafikiranso maloto owoneka bwino aukatswiri wazakale monga momwe amachitira ali ana. Mwambo wamagawo asanu ndi limodziwu ufotokoza nkhani yosangalatsa yokhudza zonena zopeka ku Mars mu 2033. Nkhanizi zidapangidwa koyambirira kwa chaka chino ku Budapest ndi Morocco. Omwe adabweretsedwera gawo lazolemba izi anali akatswiri odziwika padziko lapansi omwe amafunsidwa pa kamera, omwe sanachitikepo, mpaka pano. MARS idzawonetsedwa koyamba ku US komanso padziko lonse lapansi m'maiko 170 ndikuwulutsa m'zilankhulo 45. Executive Yopangidwa ndi Brian Grazer ndi Ron Howard, pamabwera mndandanda wothamangitsidwa bwino womwe udzafufuze zofunikira pakufika ndikufika pa pulaneti lofiira lino lomwe liziwoneka kuti ndi kwawo kwa ena.

Onani MARS ma trailer, zithunzi zazithunzi komanso kuyankhulana kwapadera pansipa.

 

MARS Kanema Woyamba # 1

 

MARS Kanema Woyamba # 2

 

 

 

 

Iziwonetsero

Wosewera Ben Cotton - Ben Sawyer

Wosewera Ben Cotton akuwonetsa wamkulu wa amisili ndi mainjiniya pamakina atsopano a National Geographic MARS. Sawyer ndi wokhulupirira ndege yemwe wapita ku NASA komanso m'makampani apadera. Mtsogoleri komanso munthu wodzipereka, ntchito ya Mars yakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pantchito yake. iHorror mwachifundo anapatsidwa mwayi wolankhula ndi Ben Cotton za khalidwe lake Ben ndi zomwe akumana nazo MARS.

zoopsa: Kapangidwe ka mndandandawu kanandisangalatsa. Muli ndi drama ya sewero, sewero lodzaza ndi gawo lasayansi. Munabwera bwanji pantchitoyi ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe chinakusangalatsani kwambiri?

Ben Thonje: Ndidadzera momwe mumayankhira kwambiri. Inanditumizira, ndipo ndinayang'ana. Ndinajambulitsa ndikuwunika ndikuitumiza, ndipo zinali zabwino kwambiri. Zinali zosangalatsa ndithudi chifukwa kuyang'ana pamasamba omwe muli nawo National Geographic ndi Imagine; muli ndi Brian Grazer ndi Ron Howard. Pamwamba pa izo ndinali nditangowonera zolemba zina kuchokera ku Zosangalatsa Zosangalatsa, chifukwa chake zonse zimafotokozera chinthu chosangalatsa kwa ine. Kotero ndi momwe zinachitikira ndikubwera kwa ine, tinakhala ndi misonkhano ingapo za izi ndipo tinapita! Kwa ine chomwe chinali chodabwitsa pa chinthu chonsecho chinali kuphunzira china chatsopano, chombo choyenda mumlengalenga nthawi zonse chimakhala chongopeka chabe. Mukudziwa chilichonse chomwe chikuwonetsedwa ndichotsimikizika. Zambiri zomwe sindimadziwa. Sindinadziwe kuti tili ndi ukadaulo wopita ku MARS kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, koma sindimadziwa kuti maroketi omwe timagwiritsa ntchito lero anali ofanana ndi maroketi omwe anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imeneyo. Sindinadziwe kuti titha kupulumuka pa Mars, ndikudziwa kuti timakhala tikufufuza ndi Rovers, koma sitimadziwa kuti titumiza anthu kunja uko monga momwe aliri. Elon Musk wanena kuti titha kupita kumeneko pofika 2025 kapena 2027.

iH: Izi nzodabwitsa! Izi zili pomwepo pangodya. Ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri sadziwa izi. Izi zili ngati china kuchokera mufilimu.

BC: Inde, titangoyamba kuwombera zimakhala ngati chilichonse. Wina amakulozetsa kanthu, ndipo ndi kulikonse komwe umayang'ana. Ndinayamba kuziwona malo osiyanasiyana ndipo mwina miyezi iwiri yapitayo Barack Obama adayamba kukamba zaku Mars. Zikafika pamlingo wokulirapo, mukuganiza, "oh wow ichi ndichinthu chachikulu kwambiri! Izi zikuyambanso kunyoza anthu kuti azitha kuzindikira zomwe zingatheke. ” Tikukhulupirira, chiwonetserochi chithandizira kukulitsa chidwi ndi chisangalalo ndikupangitsa kuti chizikhala ngati chotheka kwa anthu, chifukwa momwe ndingadziwire kuti zikuchitika. Palibe choyimitsa tsopano.

iH: Ndizabwino, ndikuganiza kuti ukunena zowona pulogalamuyo pamapeto pake ipangitsa chisangalalo cha pulogalamu yamlengalenga ndi danga lonse. Kwa zaka zapitazi zikuwoneka ngati tonse tataya izi. Ndikukumbukira ndikukula ndikufunafuna kukhala wazombo, zomwe sizinali zongopeka za kamnyamata kalikonse. Zikuwoneka ngati zonse zapita tsopano.

BC: Yatsika pang'ono. Ndikuganiza kuti kudabwitsa ndi chisangalalo chomwe mumamva mukadali mwana, sindikuganiza kuti chidachokapo, diso lathu lidayambitsidwanso kanthawi kochepa. Kwa nthawi yayitali, tinali ndi pulogalamu yoyenda mumlengalenga yomwe inali chombo chotsika kwambiri, chomwe sichinkafuna kupita patali kuposa momwe zinalili. Tidasiya kuyang'anitsitsa kuthekera kotheka ngakhale kufika ku Mars. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi nthawi yosangalatsa chifukwa timadzutsanso mwayi womwewo.

iH: Zachidziwikire kuti m'badwo wathu watsopano umamvetsetsa. Sizingatheke kuti ine ndikuganiza kuti ana athu adzapita ku Mars tsiku lina posachedwa.

BC: Chabwino, ndi chimodzimodzi. Ichi ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimandisangalatsa pa izi. Ana amatha kuwona chiwonetserochi; ndizolimba pang'ono, koma ana omwe angayang'anire pano ndi omwe angakonde kupita ku 2033. Chifukwa chake ndizosangalatsa, atha kuwonera izi ndikupita kudera la sayansi komwe mwina sangakhale okondwa kulowa patsogolo. Ndikuganiza kuti nthawi ndiyabwino.

iH: Zinali bwanji kuti inu muzichita sewero lomwe ndi lopeka mwanjira ina koma mutha kukhala weniweni mu chaka cha 2033 chouluka ku Mars?

BC: Chabwino, sindikudziwa ngati zinali zovuta zina. Inemwini, ndimayesetsa kuwona mawonekedwe aliwonse omwe ndimasewera ngati onamizira. Pokhapokha ngati ndi Zombie kapena Vampire {Akuseka} Kufufuza kokha komwe ndidakwanitsa kuchita komanso chidziwitso chomwe chidaperekedwa, mukudziwa kuti tidakhala nthawi yayitali ndi Dr. Mae Jemison omwe ndiomwe anali wakale wa zakuthambo ndi NASA. Iye anali Mkazi woyamba waku Africa-America mu Space; ali ndi ma PhD asanu ndi anayi '.

iH: Zopatsa chidwi!

BC: Inde, ndikudziwa? Tiyenera kukhala nthawi yayitali ndi iye ndikupeza malingaliro ake ndikufunsa mafunso. Adaphunzitsa mitundu yonse yazinthu momwe zingakhalire kukhala wazombo. Zinthu zomwe zinandithandiza kuyang'ana khalidweli ngati munthu weniweni, munthu wokula bwino, zinali zabwino!

iH: Mukamajambula mndandandawu gawo liti lovuta kwambiri?

BC: Ndinganene kuti gawo lovuta kwambiri ndikadakhala kutentha. Tidawombera zonse zakunja ku Morocco mu Julayi. Panali masiku pomwe panali madigiri 125, ndipo zinali zisanachitike suti yapamlengalenga. Ichi chinali chinthu chomwe chinali chovuta kwambiri. Ndikutentha kotereku, mumamva ngati mutaya malingaliro pang'ono. Zinali zosangalatsa kuti palibe amene adachita, koma zinali HOT! Tidakwanitsa kupyola bwino. Ngakhale zinali choncho, zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri. Anatisamalira bwino kwambiri; amatitonthoza nthawi iliyonse yomwe angathe.
Tidawonera makanema ambirimbiri ndi akatswiri azakuthambo ndipo izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi msonkhano ndi opanga, olemba, komanso owongolera. Zinali zabwino chifukwa tinali ndi mwayi wothandizira kuwonjezera zambiri zazomwe zidalembedwa. Kusintha zinthu mozungulira apa ndi apo. Zinali zabwino chifukwa kusintha kulikonse komwe kunapangidwa kunkayendetsedwa ndi akatswiri kuti awonetsetse kuti zonse zomwe timachita zinali zowona. Mmodzi mwa opanga amatchula kuti sayansi ndi yopeka motsutsana ndi zopeka zasayansi. Akwanitsa kuchita izi, ndipo ndizosangalatsa.

iH: Ndizabwino kuti atha kuloleza ufulu ndi mayankho ochokera kwa inu anyamata chifukwa nthawi zambiri ndi ntchitozi palibe chipinda, ndiye chomwe chiri. Kodi zolembedwazo zidachokera m'buku la Stephen Petranek, Momwe Tidzakhalire Pa Mars?

BC: Ndikuganiza kuti kumeneku ndiye komwe kudali ntchitoyi komanso kudzoza kwa ntchitoyi. Zachidziwikire, buku lake si lopeka ndipo nkhani yomwe tikunena siyinachokere pamenepo. Zigawo zonse zoyankhulana zomwe mukuziwona zidamalizidwa koyamba. Iwo adamanga gawo lalikulu la ziwonetserozo poyamba ndipo kuchokera pamafunso amenewo adapanga nkhani. Nkhaniyi idapangidwa mozungulira zowona. Izi zidatipangitsa kuti zonse zizikhala zowona.

iH: Awo ndi anzeru kwambiri, ndipo adapitiliza kundigwira chidwi. Ndikuganiza kuti ndizomwe zili munthawi imeneyi. Ndikulemba kosavuta, mumakonda kutaya anthu ochepa. Ndi izi, ndikukhulupirira kuti mupeza omvera omwe aphatikize chiwonetserochi kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto. Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe mukubwera?

BC: Pali chiwonetsero chomwe chikutuluka pa NBC chotchedwa Makonzedwe omwe ndangomaliza kumene kupanga zigawo zingapo za. Ndangopanga zigawo zingapo zawonetsero yotchedwa Rogue. Makanema ena odziyimira pawokha aku Canada akubwera panjira, kotero zinthu zikuyenda. Ndili ndi nthawi yeniyeni; zowonadi.
iH: Zabwino kwambiri! Zikomo kwambiri pondilankhula lero. Zinali zabwino kulandira chidziwitso chanu pakupanga kopatsa chidwi. Zabwino zonse pantchito zanu zamtsogolo ndipo tikukhulupirira kuti tidzayankhulaninso posachedwa!

 

Mafunso # 2 

Stephen Petranek - Wolemba

Stephen Petranek ndi wolemba komanso mkonzi wa Breakthrough Technology Alert. Petranek adalankhula pamsonkhano wa TED ku 2002 komanso kachiwiri ku 2016. Buku lake Momwe Tidzakhalira pa Mars inafalitsa chaka chathachi. Ntchito ya Petranek yatenga zaka zopitilira makumi anayi ndipo zina mwa zomwe adachita m'mbuyomu zikuphatikizapo mkonzi wamkulu wa Dziwani Magazini ndi mkonzi wa Magazini ya Washington Post.

iH: Ndili mwana, ndakhala ndikumva kuti, "Inde titha kupita ku Mars tsiku lina, koma simudzawona m'moyo wanu," ndipo tsopano izi zikukwaniritsidwa. Izi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri!

Stephen Petranek: Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuti takhala ndiukadaulo wochita izi kwazaka zosachepera makumi atatu. Kumapeto kwa pulogalamu ya Apollo Wernher von Braun anali akuyendetsa makoma a Congress ndikugogoda pa chitseko cha Richard Nixon ndikuti, "Tipitanso ku Mars kenako," ndipo Nixon adasankha kupanga chombo choyenda mumlengalenga chomwe chinali tsoka. Tikadakhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa anayi la ndalama zomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito yoyenda mlengalenga akadatha kukhala pa MARS mzaka zapakati pa makumi asanu ndi atatu. Panali lingaliro loti abwerere ku 1982, koma panali zinthu zomwe sanadziwe panthawiyo. Anali ndi zosunga zobisika zambiri pazonse zomwe zitha kusokonekera zomwe ndikuganiza kuti tikadakhala ndi anthu ku Mars zaka makumi atatu zapitazo ngati tikadakhala ndi chidwi chochita.

iH: Sindingathe kulingalira ngakhale tsopano kuti tikadakhala kuti ngati tikadachita izi.

SP: Inde, chifukwa ukadaulo umaseketsa. Imakhalabe yolimba pokhapokha itakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsira ndipo pafupifupi 90% yaukadaulo womwe umapangitsa kuti moyo wathu ukhale wabwino pakadali pano watuluka mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse komanso pulogalamu ya Apollo, anthu ambiri sazindikira izi. Kuyambira nsalu mpaka zovala zomwe adavala mpaka kumiyala yamaso mumswachi wawo kupita pakompyuta yomwe amanyamula m'matumba awo omwe amaitcha kuti foni yam'manja zonse zimachokera mu pulogalamu ya Apollo. Zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe tidatulukira, ndipo chidwi chaukadaulo chopita ku MARS sichidzangopangitsa miyoyo yathu kukhala yabwinoko, koma ndikuganiza pamene tikuyesetsa kuthana ndi mavuto omwe tikukhala ku MARS ndikuganiza kuti tipanga ukadaulo zomwe zidzapangitsa Dziko Lapansi kukhala malo oyera kwambiri.

iH: Kodi mukuganiza kuti vuto lalikulu kwambiri lamatekinoloje lidzakhala lotani pokhudzana ndi kukhala pa Mars?

SP: Palibe zovuta zaukadaulo zomwe sitingathe kuthana nazo mosavuta, ngakhale zambiri ndi zodula. Muyenera chakudya, pogona, zovala, ndi madzi kuti mukhale pa Dziko Lapansi. Ndipo mukusowa chakudya, pogona, zovala, madzi, ndi mpweya kuti mukhale pa MARS. NASA yapanga makina omwe ali ngati mafuta osinthira ndipo amatha kuchotsa kaboni mumlengalenga wa CO2 pa MARS ndipo amatha kupanga mpweya wabwino. Vutoli limathetsedwa. Vuto loti madzi onse pa MARS ndi oundana ndipo m'njira zambiri ndi ovuta kufikako chifukwa ndiwachisanu. Izi zimathetsedwa ndi makina osavuta omwe ali ngati dehumidifier wamalonda yemwe amayamwa chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga la Martian, ndipo amatembenukira mumlengalenga wa Martian, ndipo malo a Martian amakhala 16% chinyezi nthawiyo usiku uliwonse, ndiye pali madzi ambiri. Chilichonse chomwe tifunika kuchita ndi ichi chilipo. Vuto lalikulu ndikulimbana ndi radiation. Onse dzuwa ma radiation ndi radiation ya cosmic. Padziko Lapansi, tili ndi magnetosphere omwe amateteza ku kuwala kwachilengedwe ndipo tili ndi mpweya wokulirapo kwambiri womwe umatiteteza ku ma radiation a dzuwa ndipo pa Mars mulibe. Ndipo uyenera kukhala mobisa, kapena uyenera kukhala m'malo omwe ali ndi makoma mainchesi XNUMX, ndipo zonse zomwe timachita ku Mars ziyenera kupezedwa pa Mars. Tiyenera kupanga njerwa zenizeni pa MARS kuti timange nyumba zathu zidzafuna makoma olimba osakanikirana ndi nyumbazo kapena tifunika kukhala mobisa mwina m'manda a chiphalaphala, zinthu monga choncho.

Palibe zovuta zazikulu zamaukadaulo zokhala ndi moyo wabwino pa MARS. Ndi mtundu wina wamakhalidwe. Dzikoli ndi lozizira kwambiri komanso louma kwambiri zimakhala ngati tikukhala ku Antarctica chifukwa mlengalenga ndiwowonda kwambiri pali gawo limodzi lokha la 100 lapansi lomwe lilibe chifukwa chake. Mwachitsanzo, mphepo yamkuntho yomwe amakhala nayo ku Antarctica. Chifukwa chake ngakhale kuli kozizira kumeneko, mulibe mphepo zamphamvuzi zomwe zikuzungulira. Usiku wakuda mdera lakumwera pakati pa nyengo yozizira ndiwowopsa kuposa nyengo iliyonse yomwe ungaganizire ku Mars. Pali malo Padziko Lapansi pomwe tidakumana ndi zinthu ngati izi ndikuzichita bwino kwambiri.

iH: Izi zikumveka ngati zotheka pakapita nthawi.

SP: Zotheka tsopano. {Akuseka}

iH: {Akuseka} Inde ukunena zoona. Kodi kulumikizana kuchokera ku MARS kupita ku Earth ndikotani?

SP: Zachisoni mwamtheradi. Tidakhala tikudalira kwambiri mafunde a wailesi zingakhale zosangalatsa ngati atha kupanga zida zowunikira. Vuto ngakhale la laser wabwino kwambiri, wanzeru, wabwino ndikuti mtengowo ukutambalala mwachangu kwambiri, kotero kulumikizana kopepuka pakati pa Earth ndi Mars ndizovuta zamaukadaulo. Chifukwa chake makamaka timadalira mafunde a wailesi. Chifukwa chake izi zikutanthauza kuti sitingathe kupitiliza zokambirana monga inu ndi ine tikukhalira. Ndiyenera kukutumizirani kena kake kofanana ndi kalata, kalata yakanema. Nditha kujambula ndikulankhula pa TV yomwe imalemba zomwe ndikuyesera kunena kenako ndikazitumiza ndikudalira komwe Earth ndi MARS ili mozungulira imatha kutenga kulikonse kuyambira mphindi khumi mpaka mphindi makumi awiri mphambu zinayi uthengawu kuti ufikire Padziko Lapansi. Chifukwa chake ngati mungatumize kalata yaying'ono kwa wokondedwa pa Dziko Lapansi ndipo zimatenga mphindi makumi awiri kuti mufike kumeneko, ndipo atha kutumiza kalata yaying'ono yakanema zimatenga ola limodzi ndikusinthana chidziwitso. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zomveka kuti anthu apite ku Mars m'malo mwa zida zamakina sayenera kudalira malangizo ochokera ku Earth.

iH: Izi ndizosangalatsa; Ndimaganiza kuti zitenga nthawi yayitali.

SP: Ayi, pafupifupi mphindi makumi awiri mphambu zinayi zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupifupi mphindi khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu

iH: Ndizabwino kwambiri; Ndimaganiza kuti zitenga masiku {kuseka}

SP: Ayi, vuto mukakhala pa MARS palibe galimoto yadzidzidzi yomwe ingakuthandizeni ngati mutakumana ndi zovuta. Muli nokha mukamafika komweko. Chifukwa chake vuto la kulumikizana ndi ena chifukwa chachitonthozo kukhala chokhoza kuyankhula ndi anthu Padziko Lapansi, padziko lapansi ndilopanda ntchito, chifukwa kulumikizana komwe kudzakhale kofunikira ndi anthu omwe akuzungulirani pamene mukuyesera kuti mumange chitukuko kumeneko.

iH: Izi ndi zoona kwambiri! Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cholankhula nane lero. Ukatswiri wanu umayamikiridwa kwambiri. Onani buku la Stephen Petranek pa pulaneti yowerengedwa, "Momwe Tidzakhalire Pa Mars" podina apa.

*****

Kuti mumve zambiri pa MARS a National Geographic. onani tsambalo podina Pano.

Mukukonda Sayansi? Onani ulendo wathu wowerengera nthawi podina Pano. 

-ZOKHUDZA WOLEMBA-

Ryan T. Cusick ndi wolemba wa inomor.com ndipo amasangalala kwambiri ndi zokambirana komanso kulemba za chilichonse chomwe chili mumtundu woopsawo. Kuwopsya koyamba kunayambitsa chidwi chake atatha kuyang'ana choyambirira, The Amityville Horror ali ndi zaka zitatu. Ryan amakhala ku California ndi mkazi wake komanso mwana wamkazi wazaka khumi ndi chimodzi, yemwenso akuwonetsa chidwi ndi mtundu wowopsawo. Ryan posachedwapa walandila Master's Degree in Psychology ndipo ali ndi chidwi cholemba buku. Ryan akhoza kutsatiridwa pa Twitter @ Nytmare112