Zaka zakumapeto kwa zaka zam'mbuyomu zisanafike, anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti transgender amakhala ochokera m'makanema, makanema owopsa. Mtunduwu udadziwika kuti umazunza anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonetsa koyipa komanso kolakwika. Zotsatira zake, owonera makanema ambiri omwe alibe chiyembekezo amakhala ndi mayanjano oyipa amderali omwe amakhala ndi opha ma psychotic ndi ma psychopath.

M'mafilimu ambiri onyentchera omwe adayesetsa kuphwanya mutu wa otchulidwa omwe akusintha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, chakhala chithunzi choipa kwambiri. Gulu lonseli la anthu laphikidwa pakuwonetsedwa kolakwika kumeneku ndikuchititsidwa ziwanda.

Mwamwayi, pazaka zingapo zapitazi zitsanzo zabwino zambiri zatsogola kuti zitsogolere gulu la transgender, ndikuwononga zithunzi zoyipazi. Makanema ndi makanema apawailesi yakanema ayamba kusinthitsa zilembo za transgender ndi ngwazi pamalemba awo. Kusinthaku kumayamba pang'onopang'ono kuthandiza kuti pakhale chithunzi chabwino chowonetsa anthu ammudzi makanema ambiri olakwika omwe akhazikitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Komabe, mtundu wowopsya wakhala ukutsalira m'mbuyomu ndipo ukupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito amuna ndi akazi opitilira muyeso ngati anthu wamba, ndikusintha kwawo (nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa ndi wina) ngati chifukwa chofuna kukakamizidwa kuti aphe.

Mtunduwo umamangiranso mutu wankhanza ndikukakamiza kusintha amuna ndi akazi ku transgender, komwe sizili choncho. M'mafilimu ambiri a azimayi opatsirana pogonana adazunzidwa makamaka ali mwana ndi wachibale wawo ndipo potero adakakamizidwa motsutsana ndi kufuna kwawo kuvala ngati anyamata kapena atsikana. Anthu wambawa amanyoza komanso kunyoza anthu ammudzi komanso zifukwa zenizeni zomwe anthu amavalira ndikukhala ngati amuna kapena akazi anzawo; chifukwa adabadwa ndi thupi lolakwika.

"Ndiye?" Mwina mukuganiza. “Ndi kanema chabe. Anthuwa amangopangidwa kuti azisangalatsa. ”

Vuto ndiloti zongopeka izi zimatsimikiziranso zabodza zomwe anthu ambiri ali nazo, ndipo Amereka osazindikira ndiwowopsa kuposa kanema wowopsa aliyense.

Osewera makanema ambiri amakumbukira Buffalo Bill kuchokera Kukhala chete kwa Mwanawankhosa monga nthawi yoyamba yomwe adakumana ndi transgender mu kanema. Malo omwe wakuphayo amaponyera wig, kupanga, ndikubisa mbolo yake pakati pa miyendo yake pamene akuyesera kuti awoneke ngati gulu la azimayi odabwitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, mwina kuposa kupha ndi kuwononga anthu omwe adawapha. Pachiwonetsero ichi mwachidule omvera osaphunzira mwachangu adapanga mgwirizano wofuna kusintha amuna kapena akazi kukhala olakwika, onyansa, komanso osokoneza.

Pomwe kanemayo adapambana ma Academy Awards angapo, zidasokoneza chithunzi cha momwe anthu amaganizira za gulu la transgender. Komabe, kanemayo sanali woyamba kuwonetsa zolimba komanso zowonongera, ndipo sikunakhale komaliza.

Mu 1960 Alfred Hitchcock adatibweretsa Psycho. Munkhaniyi mwini wa ma motelo omwe ali ndi vuto lodziyesa kuti ndi dissociative (aka kugawanika) amapha alendo osalakwa poganiza za amayi ake omwe adamwalira. Tsoka ilo omvera mwachangu adatengera khalidweli kwa munthu wamisala wovala zovala zachikazi ndikukhala ndi mpeni wakukhitchini. Palibe palifotokozedwe ka khalidweli pomwe taphunzira kuti a Norman Bates amafuna kusintha amuna ndi akazi ndikukhala moyo ngati akazi, koma uwo unali umunthu wake wachiwiri osati kungotsanzira machitidwe a amayi ake koma kukhulupirira kuti anali amayi ake omwe adamwalira.

Katswiri wazamisala akufotokoza kumapeto kwa kanema Norman adapereka theka la moyo wake kwa amayi ake, kuvala ndikuyankhula ngati iye. "Nthawi zina amatha kukhala onse awiri, ndikupitiliza kukambirana." dotoloyu anafotokozanso. Omwe adazunzidwa omwe adamugwira Norman adafunsa chifukwa chomwe adavalira wigi ndikuvala wapolisi yemwe anali mchipindacho adangodumphira kuti Norman anali mkazi wamwamuna, koma wamisala amamudzudzula mwachangu. “Mwamuna yemwe amavala zovala zachikazi kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwa kugonana kapena kukhutitsidwa ndi mkazi wamwamuna. Koma pankhani ya Norman, amangoyesetsa kuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti mayi ake akhalebe ndi moyo. Ndipo zenizeni zikafika potseka, pomwe ngozi kapena chikhumbo chinawopseza chinyengo chimenecho, adadzikongoletsa, ngakhale muwigi yotsika mtengo yomwe adagula. Amayendayenda nyumba, kukhala pampando wake, kuyankhula m'mawu ake. Anayesa kukhala mayi ake. Tsopano ali. ” Akupitiliza kufotokoza momwe malingaliro a Norman amakhala ndi anthu awiri osiyana, ake ndi amayi ake, ndipo umunthu wopambana udapambana; la amayi ake.

Mosiyana ndi amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sichinali chisankho kwa Norman, koma matenda azachipatala omwe sanadziwike bwino sanamvetsetsedwe monga momwe zilili masiku ano, komanso kusiyana pakati pa transsexourse, transvestites, ndi transgender. Zaka za 1960 inali nthawi yomwe imaganizirabe kuti kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi matenda, ndipo mpaka 1987 ndi pomwe adachotsedwa mu DSM ngati matenda amisala.

Zolemba za 1983 Msasa Wogona mwina ndichimodzi mwazithunzi zowononga kwambiri zamunthu wa transgender m'mbiri yamtundu woopsa. Atapulumuka ngozi yovuta yabanja pomwe mchimwene wake ndi bambo ake onse adamwalira, Angela yemwe anali asanakwanitse zaka amatumizidwa kuti azikakhala ndi azakhali ake achinyengo. Pomwe timanena kuti manyazi a atsikana odekha komanso njira zamanyazi pazomwe adakumana nazo m'mbuyomu komanso womuyang'anira wamanjenje, sitimvetsetsa bwino mpaka kumapeto kwa kanemayo. Mu mphindi zisanu zapitazi zikuwululidwa kuti sanali Angela amene adapulumuka pamavuto am'banja, koma mchimwene wake Peter. Atapeza kuyang'anira kwa mnyamatayo, azakhali ake a Peter a Martha ayamba kumuveka zovala za atsikana ndikumamuwona ngati mlongo wake womwalirayo. Amachotsa chizindikiritso chake chachimuna ndikukakamiza moyo wachikazi kwa iye.

Pamawonedwe ena, kudziwa kuti wakuphayo ndi ndani kumapangitsa kupha kukhala kochititsa mantha komanso kophiphiritsa. Ambiri mwa ophawo mwanjira inayake amalumikizana ndi kuwopseza zakugonana kwa "Angela". Judy, msasa wokongola yemwe amadzionetsera pachifuwa chake chachikulu komanso malingaliro ake achikazi kuti achite zomwe akufuna, adaopseza thupi la Angela. Pambuyo pake msungwanayo amakumana ndi kutha kwake atalandira chitsulo chotentha chomwe timatsala nacho kuti ndi nyini yake ndi mithunzi yomwe timawona ikuwonetsedwa pakhoma la kanyumba ndikufuula kwamwazi komwe kumatsatira. Kaya ichi ndichopondereza mbolo kuyambira pomwe azakhali a Angela adamugwira, kapena mwina njira ya wolemba yobwezera munthu amene amamujambula ngati msasa, sitidziwa.

Atasankhidwa, zambiri zomwe Angela amapha zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwake pankhani ya jenda. Wophika pamsasawo, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi wogona ana komanso chilombo chenicheni komanso wowopseza omwe amakhala pamsasapo, amakumana ndi kuwonongeka kwake atapita patsogolo pa mwana wachichepere komanso wosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, atatha kuwona ubale pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pakati pa Meg mlangizi wa kampu ndi mayi wamkulu msasa Mel, Angela awapha onse awiri.

Kanemayo akafika pachimake mosayembekezereka, kuphedwa kwa msasa Paul, zonse zimayikidwa bwino. Paul ndiye yekhayo amene anali wokoma mtima kwa Angela, ndipo adawonetsadi chidwi chake. Zochita zake sizinali zamwano kapena zonyoza, analidi wowona mtima pofotokoza zakukhosi kwake. Komabe, zaka zokhala m'malo mwa mlongo wake zimatsutsana ndi momwe zimakhalira mkati mwa kubadwa kwamnyamata, zonsezi zidaphulika komaliza mufilimuyi.

Popeza sizinachitike pazenera, sitikudziwa kwenikweni momwe zinthu zidaliri nthawi yomaliza ya Paul. Komabe, tikukhulupirira kuti omanga awiriwo anali kukumana kuti afufuze momwe akumvera. Pomwe alangizi amisasa awapeza awiriwo, Mngelo wamaliseche mwachikondi akunyamula mutu wa Paulo wodulidwa m'manja mwake m'mbali mwa nyanja. Apa ndi pomwe zimawululidwa kuti Angela anali Peter nthawi yonseyi pomwe amayimirira kuwulula mawonekedwe ake achimuna, chithunzi chomwe chidawotchedwa kwamuyaya.

Kusiya omvera kuti adzipangire okha zifukwa zomwe Angela adasankhira kupha, nkhokwe ya msasa wachinyamatayo imasokonezedwanso ndikuwona koyambirira kwa ubale wa abambo ake ndi bambo wina pabedi. Zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu mwina zidamupangitsanso mafunso m'maganizo a Angela za momwe amaonera maubale komanso momwe amamvera ndi Paul. Komabe, zikunenedwa mwamphamvu ngati Angela sakakakamizidwa kusintha amuna ndi akazi a azakhali ake akanakhala moyo wosasokonezedwa ngati Peter, osapha anthu osalakwa.

Chiwonetsero chaposachedwa kwambiri komanso chosakwanira cha kuchuluka kwa transgender ndi 2 Yonyenga ndi James Wan.  Mufilimuyi wakuphayo wakuda wakuda akuwululidwa kuti akhale wamwamuna, Parker Crane. Crane anazunzidwa kwa zaka zambiri ndikukakamizidwa kuti azitengera amuna kapena akazi anzawo mmanja mwa amayi ake amisala. Anamutcha dzina lake Marilyn ndikumulera ngati mtsikana; kumuveka zovala zokongola kwambiri, kumukakamiza kuti avale wigi, ndikukongoletsa kuchipinda chake ndi mapepala azithunzi, makatani apinki, zidole, ndi mahatchi ogwedeza. Amulanga mnyamatayo nthawi iliyonse akapandukira dzina lake 'Marilyn'. Pomwe malingaliro a Crane amayamba kuwonongeka ndikuyamba misala atavala ngati Mkwatibwi Wakuda, ndikupha azimayi okwana 15 asanagwidwe ndi apolisi. Akuluakulu adamupeza Crane mchipatala atayesa kudzitema.

Popeza gulu la transgender latenga mphamvu ndikubwera kutsogoloku nkhani zakhala zowoneka bwino komanso zolondola, kuyesera mwachangu kuthana ndi kufufuta zopeka izi. Atsogoleri amderali, nthawi zambiri otchuka mu zosangalatsa, apita patsogolo ndikuthandizira kupangaulendo watsopano, wabwino kwa gulu laling'ono la LGBT. Komabe mantha akadali malo amodzi pomwe mawonekedwe a transgender, makamaka mkazi wa transgender, amawonedwa kuti ndi wamisala, oyipa komanso oyipa. Mwina popita nthawi tidzakhala ndi "msungwana womaliza" wa transgender woyandikira chilombocho ndikuwapambana monga atsikana achimuna omwe amabwera iye asanabadwe. Komabe, mpaka opanga makanemawo atakhala okonzeka kuchita izi tifunika kuthandizira gulu la transgender padziko lonse lapansi kuti liyimire chilombo chosazindikira komanso chosasamala.

 

Werengani zambiri zakusowa kwa chiwonetsero cha gulu la LGBTQ mu nkhani ya wolemba iHorror Waylon Jordan Pano; Ndi 2007: Kodi Queer Horror Character Ali Kuti?