Ine ndi Edgar Allan Poe tibwerera. Ayi sichoncho! Mwanjira yeniyeni, ndiye adandiyambitsa mantha. Ndinali mkalasi lachisanu kapena lachisanu ndi chimodzi pamene ndinayamba kutenga buku lomwe linali ndi mutu wakuti "The Tell-Tale Heart". Nkhaniyi idandigwira pamtima. Ndinalumikizidwa, ndipo sindinabwerere m'mbuyo!

Kuyambira pamenepo, ndili ndi zolemba zake zambiri, kuphatikiza imodzi yokhala ndi magazi yomwe ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri yatsiku lina. Lero, komabe, ndilo tsiku lobadwa la Poe, ndipo sindingaganize njira ina yabwino yosangalalira kuposa kugawana nthano ndi ndakatulo 13 zomwe ndingawerenge zofunikira kwa aliyense amene angopeza wolemba koyamba.

Sizikunena kuti si zonsezi zomwe ndizodziwika kwambiri, koma nkhani zomwe zakhala ndi ine mosasamala kanthu. Onani, ndikudziwitse zokonda zanu mu ndemanga pansipa!

Poe wa Edgar Allan: Zofunikira

# 1 "Mtima Wonena"

Tsopano nayi mfundo. Mumandisangalatsa. Amisala sadziwa chilichonse. Koma mukadakhala kuti munandiwona. Mukadakhala kuti mwawona momwe ndidapangira mwanzeru-mosamala-ndikuwonetseratu-ndikunamizira komwe ndidayamba kugwira ntchito.

Popeza inali nkhani yomwe idandiyambira zonse, ndi nkhani yomwe imayambitsa mndandandawu. Nkhani yandakatulo ya Poe yodzitamandira komanso kudzimva kuti ndi wolakwa ndi yomwe imalowa pansi pakhungu ndipo imakopa owerenga kuti akhale nkhani ya wolemba nkhaniyo. Zomwe ndakhala ndikuwona zosangalatsa, komabe, ndikuti Poe sagwiritsa ntchito mawu ena kapena ofotokozera ena kwa wolemba nkhani, komabe owerenga nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ndi munthu.

Pali ena mwa inu pakadali pano akung'amba mutu, poganiza, "Ayi, akuti wolemba nkhaniyo ndiamuna!" Ayi, pitani mmbuyo ndi kukawerenga izo nthawi ina. Ndikuganiza kuti Poe amadziwa bwino zomwe amachita pa izi. Anasiya nkhaniyo m'maganizo mwathu ndi zamaganizidwe athu, ndipo ndizosangalatsa kuti pafupifupi zaka 180, ambiri aiwerenga chimodzimodzi.

# 2 "Mabelu"

 Mu chete wa usiku,
        Momwe timanjenjemera ndi mantha
  Pachiwopsezo chakumva kulira kwawo!
        Kwa mawu aliwonse oyandama
        Ndi dzimbiri m'khosi mwawo
                 Ndi kubuula.

Ndakatulo ya Poe ya 1845 ndiyosamvetsetseka m'mabuku olemba mabuku ndipo imawunikidwa nthawi zambiri pamayimbidwe, nyimbo, komanso chilankhulo cha onomatopoeic, zonse zomwe zili ndi phindu ndipo sindingasokoneze zaka zamaphunziro ndi malingaliro a akatswiri.

Koma ...

Ntchito zambiri za Poe zidalowa mkati mwa psyche ndipo sindingachitire mwina koma kudabwitsika, makamaka ngati munthu wamkulu yemwe nthawi zina amakhala ndi nkhawa akakumana ndi phokoso lalikulu, ngati sizinachitike zambiri mu ndakatulo iyi. Akuti Poe adalemba ndakatuloyi potengera mawu omwe adamva kuchokera pazenera lake pafupi ndi University of Ford. Ngati amuzunguliridwa usiku ndi usana ndi mabelu osiyanasiyana awa, kodi sizotheka kuti iyenso anali kumva kupsinjika kwa phokoso losalekeza?

# 3 "Chithunzi Chowulungika"

Ndidapeza kutengera kwa chithunzichi mwamtheradi-mawonekedwe ofotokozera, omwe, poyambirira modabwitsa, pamapeto pake adandidabwitsa, kundigonjetsa ndikundidabwitsa.

Nthano za a Poe zinali ndi zida zoopsa zambiri koma owerengeka anali obisika monga chithunzi cha "The Oval Portrait," nthano ya wojambula yemwe amakonda kwambiri ntchito yake kotero kuti amaponyera china chilichonse m'moyo wake, kuphatikiza mkazi wake wachichepere, mpaka tsiku lomwe amamufunsa kuti akhale naye kuti ajambulire chithunzi.

Mosiyana ndi a Oscar Wilde Chithunzi cha Dorian Gray zomwe zikanatulutsidwa zaka makumi asanu pambuyo pake, chithunzichi sichinapulumutse moyo wamutu wake. M'malo mwake, ndikumangoyenda kamodzi kokha, mkazi wachichepereyo adazimiririka, ndikumwalira pomaliza. Ndi nkhani yayifupi, koma yothandiza yomwe imapitilirabe ngati luso polemba nkhani kwa iwo omwe amafufuza mozama zolemba za wolemba kuposa nkhani ndi ndakatulo zochepa zomwe zimawerengedwa kwambiri.

# 4 "Zoona Zake pa Nkhani ya M. Valdemar"

Inde; - Ayi;

Zoposa zaka 130 mafilimu asanafike Kupha Anthu Kwambiri adatiyesa kuti tikhulupirire kuti zomwe timakumana nazo pazenera zinali zenizeni, Poe adafalitsa "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar," m'njira yoti ipangitse anthu kukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi inali kufotokoza kwa nkhani yoona osati nkhani yopeka.

Nkhaniyi ndiyachilendo. Dokotala, wokondweretsedwa ndi lingaliro ndi chizolowezi cha mesmerism aka hypnosis, amatsimikizira mnzake yemwe akumwalira kuti amulole kuti amugwetse ngati imfa imalowa kuti awone ngati njirayi ingathetseretu imfa. Chotsatira ndi nkhani yowopsa. Munthuyo amamwalira, koma sangathe kupitilirabe. Amagwidwa, mdziko la mesmeric, atakodwa mtembo kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, zomwe zidapangitsa mantha abwenzi ake komanso omwe amudziwa.

Pomwe mesmerist pamapeto pake aganiza kuti ndi nthawi yodzutsa mwamunayo, ndipamene zinthu zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri.

# 5 "Opha Anthu Ali Panjira Yoyendetsera Ntchito Panjira"

Zochitika mwadzidzidzi, ndizopunthwitsa zazikulu m'kalasi la oganiza omwe adaphunzitsidwa kuti asadziwe kalikonse za chiphunzitso cha kuthekera-lingaliro lomwe zinthu zolemekezeka kwambiri pakufufuza kwa anthu zili ndi ngongole ya fanizo labwino kwambiri .

Pazinthu zambiri zomwe a Edgar Allan Poe achita, zomwe zimadabwitsa kwambiri ndikuti amapatsidwa ulemu chifukwa cholemba nkhani zoyambirira za apolisi ndi "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," nkhani yokhudza kuphana komwe kumawoneka ngati kosatheka komanso wapolisi yemwe akufuna kuti athetse . C. Auguste Dupin, "wapolisi wofufuzayo", ndi m'modzi mwa anthu ochepa omwe Poe adatchulidwanso omwe pambuyo pake adzalembedwanso mu "The Purloined Letter" ndi "The Mystery of Marie Roget."

M'malingaliro mwanga, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zankhanza kwambiri za Poe. Mulingo wampikisano wazaka chilichonse zomwe wolemba adalemba. Wovulalayo amapezeka ndi mafupa angapo atathyoledwa pansi pazenera lake, pakhosi pake adadulidwa kwambiri kotero kuti mutu wake udagwa pomwe thupi lasunthidwa. Mkazi winayo wapachikidwa pakhosi mpaka kufa ndipo thupi lake ladzaza ndi chimbudzi.

# 6 "Masque of the Red Death"

Panali zokongola zambiri, zosafunikira kwenikweni, zambiri zodabwitsa, china chake chowopsa, osati zochepa zomwe zingakhale zokhumudwitsa

“Msikiti wa Imfa Yofiira” takhala tili m'mafilimu ambiri chaka chatha pomwe tayang'ana mliri wa Covid-19, tikuwona abwenzi ndi abale akudwala. Zinali, mwa njira yake, nthano zachikale, komabe zomangidwa m'mbiri yakale, komanso.

Prince Prospero, poyesera kuthawa mliri wodziwika kuti Red Death womwe ukuwononga dzikolo, adzitsekera mnyumba ya abbey ndi olemekezeka anzake. Akuganiza zoponya mpira wophimba kuti asangalatse abwenzi ake. Phwandolo limachitikira muzipinda zisanu ndi ziwiri, chilichonse chokongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wina. Sadziwa kuti mlendo wosayembekezereka walowa m'malo mwake. Mliri womwe watchulidwa pano wabwera kudzawayitana ndipo posakhalitsa Prospero ndi gulu lake, ali otsimikiza kuti ali otetezeka ku chiwonongeko cha matendawa chifukwa cha chuma chawo komanso udindo wawo, ataphedwa ndimwazi wamagazi.

Ndi nkhani yovutitsa, ndipo monga ndidanenera, imodzi yomwe tidaziwonera momwe tikusewera miyezi yapitayi. Tiyeni tiyembekezere, nthawi ino, kuti taphunzira phunziro lathu.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRNoFteP3HU

# 7 "Bokosi la Amontillado"

Zovulala zikwi zambiri za Fortunato zomwe ndidakumana nazo momwe ndingathere; koma atadzudzula, ndidalonjeza kubwezera.

Palibe amene adalemba kubwezera monga Edgar Allan Poe. Mwamunayo anali ndi luso lochitira izi, ndipo ichi ndiye, mwa zabwino zake zonse.

Wolembayo akutiika mu nsapato za Montresor, bambo wotsika, yemwe wadzudzula "mnzake" Fortunato pamavuto ake aposachedwa. Pobisalira kufunsa mwamunayo kuti amve maganizo ake pa bokosi la vinyo yemwe wolemba nkhaniyo adagula posachedwa, amamunyengerera kuti alowe mnyumba zosungira banja momwe adamupangira khoma ndikumukhala wamoyo, ndikumusiya mwamunayo kuti afe pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale Montresor amawimba Fortunato mobwerezabwereza pazitonzo zosiyanasiyana, samawatchula. Wowerenga amangokhala ndi nkhawa ngati mwamunayo adachitapo choipa chilichonse ku Montresor, kapena ngati anali mbuzi yokhayokha pazokhumudwitsa za Montresor. Mosasamala kanthu, mathero ndi ankhanza pomwe Fortunato amafuula mobwerezabwereza kuti Montresor asiye zomwe akuchita ndipo iye amangoseka kulira kwake kuti athandizidwe.

# 8 "Khwangwala"

Tsopano mzimu wanga unakula; kuzengereza pamenepo osatinso,
Bwana, "ndinatero," kapena Madam, ndikupemphani kuti mundikhululukire;
Koma chowonadi ndikuti ndimagona, ndipo modekha mwabwera mukugwedeza,
Ndipo mwakomoka mudabwera ndikumagogoda pakhomo la chipinda changa,
Zomwe ndikusowa ndikutsimikiza kuti ndakumva ”- apa ndidatsegula chitseko; -
Mdima pamenepo, osatinso china.

Chisoni ndi kutayika zafalikira "The Raven," ndakatulo ya Poe yomwe imapeza wolemba nkhani yemwe sanatchulidwe dzina akuzunzidwa ndi Raven yemwe amalowa mnyumba mwake ndikubwereza "Nevermore" mobwerezabwereza.

Wodzazidwa ndi mafano ndi mafanizo a Imfa, wolemba nkhaniyo akuchoka pakati pa chikhumbo chake chofuna kuchoka pa kutaya chikondi chake chokondedwa, Lenore, ndi chikhumbo chake chofuna kugwiritsitsa zonse zomwe anali kwa iye. Tonse takhalapo, sichoncho? Pali mantha osalekeza omwe amamatira ku ndakatuloyi, ikukula mpaka kumapeto pomwe munthuyo adzagwirizana ndi kuti Khwangwala, ndi chisoni chake, sizingachokenso.

# 9 "Ligeia"

Ndipo, zowonadi, ngati mzimu womwe umatchedwa Romance-ngati iye, wan ndi Ashtophet wamapiko olakwika a Aigupto olambira mafano, adatsogolera, monga akunenera, maukwati osasiyidwa, ndiye kuti amatsogolera wanga.

Nkhani ina yokhudza kukhumbira komanso kutayika, "Ligeia" ndi nkhani ya mayi wokongola kwambiri yemwe wolemba nkhaniyo adamukonda kwambiri, ngakhale sakudziwa kwenikweni momwe adakhalira m'moyo wake, komanso sangakumbukire banja lake dzina. Komabe, iye ankamukonda kufikira pamene anadwala, anafooka, ndipo anamwalira. Pambuyo pake, wolemba nkhaniyo adakwatiranso ndi mtsikana wamba yemwe amadwala, komanso, pang'onopang'ono akumachita zinthu zosadziwika zomwe zimamutenga.

Kodi Ligeia adachokeradi? Nkhaniyi inali imodzi mwa zoyambirira za Poe komanso yomwe adaisintha ndikulembanso kambiri nthawi ya moyo wake. Munali munkhani yomwe ndakatulo "Mgonjetsi Womboli" idabadwanso, yolembedwa ndi Ligeia.

# 10 "Mphamvu ya Okhota"

Palibe chilakolako m'chilengedwe chosaleza mtima modzidzimutsa, monga uja yemwe, akunjenjemera m'mphepete mwa phompho, motero amasinkhasinkha za Kugwera.

Kusinkhasinkha kwina pakulakwa ndi chikumbumtima, "The Imp of the Perverse" imayamba ngati nkhani yolembedwa ndi wolemba nkhani, yonena za kudziwononga kwaumunthu. Nkhaniyi ikayamba kusintha, komabe, timaphunzira kuti wolemba nkhani, mwiniwake, wapha munthu mwanjira zanzeru kwambiri ndipo wakolola zabwino zaimfa ya mwamunayo kudzera mu cholowa chachikulu.

Pomwe wolankhulayo amalankhula kwambiri, amakhala wotengeka kwambiri ndi lingaliro la kuulula zomwe zimapangitsa kukakamizidwa kuti achite zomwezo. Mphamvu ya Wokhotakhayo idamupangitsa kuti achitepo kanthu, ndipo tsopano ayenera kulipira machimo ake…

# 11 "Maliro Asanachitike"

Malire omwe amalekanitsa Moyo ndi Imfa ndi amdima kwambiri komanso osamveka bwino. Ndani anganene komwe wina amathera, ndipo enawo amayamba kuti?

Lingaliro lakuikidwa m'manda ndilowopsa. M'zaka za zana la 21 mwayi woti izi zichitike ndi ma miniscule, koma m'ma 1800 kunali mantha enieni. Poe amasewera pa mantha amenewo mokongola mu "The Premature Burial," nthano yamunthu yemwe amakonda kuchita tulo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamusiya ngati wofa. Amakhala mwamantha kuti adzaikidwa m'manda amoyo ndipo amakhala masiku ake mosasamala ndikuyika mipata iliyonse yomwe angaganizire kuti isachitike.

Akadzuka kuti apezeka kuti ali mgulu, zoyipa zake zonse zimakhala zenizeni ndipo nthano ya claustrophobic imakhala yowopsa kwambiri.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H86mlOMCA1Q

# 12 "Dzenje ndi Pendulum"

… Zowawa za moyo wanga zidatuluka mokuwa mwamphamvu, motalika komanso komaliza kukhumudwa.

Nkhani yolembedwa ndi Poe ya Khothi Lalikulu ku Spain imadzaza ndi chimphona chachikulu, chosongoka ngati lumo chikugwera pansi kuchokera padenga la munthu womangidwa patebulo. Tsopano, nkhani yake sinali yolondola m'mbiri, koma sindikuganiza kuti amafuna kuti izikhala choncho.

Mu "Dzenje ndi Pendulum" Poe adasonkhanitsa maluso ake pofotokozera za mantha, kudziimba mlandu, komanso kupulumuka munkhani yomwe ili yovuta komanso yoopsa mpaka nthawi yake yomaliza. Pali chifukwa chake iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala pamndandanda woyenera kuwerengedwa ndi zomwe wolemba analemba. NGATI simunawerenge, chitani izi tsopano.

# 13 "Kugwa kwa Nyumba ya Usher"

Simukumva? -Inde, ndimva, ndipo ndazimva. Kutalika kwa nthawi yaitali — mphindi zambiri, maora ambiri, masiku ambiri, ndazimva izi - komabe sindinayerekeze n’komwe —anindimvera chisoni, ndine womvetsa chisoni! -Sindinayerekeze-sindinayerekeze kuyankhula! Tamuika iye m'manda!

Izi, mpaka pano, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri ku Poe, ndipo imakumba nkhani zakudzipatula komanso banja komanso udindo.

Wofotokozerayo akuthamangira kwa mnzake Roderick kuti apeze nyumba yomwe ikumuzungulira. Imasankhidwa koma ndi chiyani ndi ndani ndipo zitani ngati makoma adzagwa?

Chakhala chimodzi mwazokonda zanga kuyambira pomwe ndimawerenga koyamba, ndipo ndakhala ndikubwereranso kwa zaka zonsezi.