Takulandilaninso ku mndandanda wanga wawung'ono wonena zazomwe zikuchitika komanso ma tropes omwe akula kwambiri kwa gulu lachifumu mumtundu wowopsa. Mu gawo loyambirira, tidakambirana zakuzindikira, ndipo pano ndikhala ndikulemba zolembetsera anthu ndipo ndi mbiri mkati mwa mtunduwo.

Kulemba manambala ndi njira yokhazikitsira mikhalidwe yamunthu wina popanda kutulukapo (onani zomwe ndidachita pamenepo?) Ndikunena motsimikiza kuti mwamunayo ndi wachiwerewere. Mufilimuyi, makamaka, idabadwira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Hays Code m'ma 1930.

M'masiku oyambilira a kanema, popanda malamulo, anthu amapita kutchire akuwonetsa mitundu yonse yazinthu ndikuwunika mitu ingapo. Mosadabwitsa, panali magulu obwerera m'mbuyo ku US omwe anali kuganiza kuti chikhalidwe cha anthu onse chili pachiwopsezo chaziphuphu chifukwa cha makanema.

Adalowa m'bungwe la Warren G. Harding ndipo adatuluka ndi Postmaster General Will Hays yemwe adzakhala purezidenti wa Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association - wotsogolera bungwe la Motion Picture Association of America. Hays ndi othandizira ake adapanga fayilo ya code yopanga ndi mndandanda wonse wazinthu zomwe zingathe osati akuwonetsedwa pafilimu.

Ngakhale kuti lamuloli silimanena mosapita m'mbali za kudzikhalitsa, komabe limatchulidwa m'ndime yomwe imaphatikizaponso mawu oti "miyezo yolondola ya moyo."

Mukudziwa, njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera wina kuti achitepo kanthu ndi kuwauza kuti sangachite.

Olemba, owongolera, komanso ochita masewerawa adapandukira Hays Code, ngakhale pomwe a Joseph Breen adakhala ngati owunika pa bolodi omwe adatha kulembanso ndikudula zilembo zilizonse zomwe angawone zili zoyenera.

Ndipo chifukwa chake, kulemba zolemba zakale kunayamba kulowa m'mafilimu. Tsopano, kulemba zolembera, komweko, sikuti ndi chinthu cholakwika. Monga chida china chilichonse, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zabwino kapena zoyipa. Olembawo akadatha kugwiritsa ntchito maluso awo kupanga zilembo zomwe titha kuyang'ananso kunyadira.

Zachisoni, zonsezi zidakhala zosavuta, kudzera pamakalata azosangalatsa, kupanga masheya ngati akazi achikazi okonda zachiwerewere, "mkazi wovuta," komanso wankhanza.

Izi zomaliza zidakhala zowonekera pamitundu yoopsa makamaka.

Tenga, mwachitsanzo, Mwana wamkazi wa Dracula. Wotengera nkhani yayifupi ya Stoker, "Mlendo wa Dracula," kanemayo adatha kufanana zambiri pamapeto pake ndi a Sheridan le Fanu carmilla.

Apa tikuwona mwana wamkazi wa Countess Marya Zaleska aka Dracula yemwe adapempha thandizo kwa katswiri wazamisala kuti adzimasule ku zoyipa. Matupi akamayamba kuunjikana mozungulira, ndikosavuta, pamtunda, kuwerenga izi monga vampirism. Ndiziwonetsero ndi mtundu wachinyamata, wokongola, wamaluwa momwe zinthu zimawerengedwa mosiyana.

Countess Zaleska akuuza Lili kuti akufuna kujambula iye. Amamuyang'ana ndi chilakolako chowonekera m'maso mwake. Amamuuza kuti ndi wokongola ndipo akumufunsa kuti achotse bulauzi m'mapewa mwake. Akuyandikira kwambiri, ndikupusitsa mtsikanayo ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali asanawombere.

Omvera a Queer kulikonse adamuwona Wowerengera ngati mphekesera, ndipo adamuwonanso akumwalira chifukwa cha "machimo" ake.

Ndiye pali Irena wokongola komanso wodabwitsa wochokera ku Val Lewton's Mphaka Anthu.

Mufilimuyi, Irena, yemwe adasewera ndi Simone Simon wochititsa mantha, akuwopa kuti watembereredwa kukhala nyama yakutchire akagwidwa ... kwenikweni. Ngakhale adachita mantha, Irena adayamba kukondana ndi Oliver ndipo onse adakwatirana posachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha vuto lake sangathe kuchita "ntchito za akazi" kwa Oliver.

Amayamba kuwona katswiri wazamisala kuti athane ndi malingaliro awa.

Ngati mukuwona zomwe zikuchitika pano, sizovuta kunena chifukwa chake. Panthawiyo, kukhala queer amaonedwa kuti ndi matenda amisala ndipo ambiri amatumizidwa kwa asing'anga kuti akalandire chithandizo. Tsoka ilo, ena amagwiritsabe ntchito izi ndikuchiritsa anthu mokakamizidwa kwaumirizidwa kwa achinyamata ambiri kuposa momwe ndimaganizira.

Komabe, sangathetse kwathunthu "chinthu" ichi, "china" chomwe ali nacho. Amalongosola temberero ndikukumbukira mudzi womwe adakulira ngati woipa, wodzazidwa ndi anthu oyipa omwe adachita zoyipa m'njira yomwe ambiri amagwirizana ndi nkhani ya Sodomu ndi Gomora kuchokera m'Baibulo, nthano yomwe yamasuliridwa molakwika kwazaka zambiri ngati njira yotsutsa gulu lachifumu.

Mwachilengedwe, chifukwa sangagonjetse chinthu chomwe chimamupangitsa kukhala "wina," pamapeto pake amadzipereka, ndikusandulika ndikukhala womenyera komanso kupha womuthandiza. Amathamangira kumalo osungira nyama ndikutsegula khola la panther. Chilombocho chimamugwedeza nthawi yomweyo asanathawe ndikudzipha yekha.

Akapeza munthu wakufa yemwe wagona pakhomo la khola, Oliver akunong'oneza kuti Irena sanawanamizepo.

Tsoka ilo, Irena ndi m'modzi chabe pamzere wautali wamanenedwe omwe adalembedwapo kuti adzafa chifukwa samatha kusintha omwe anali.

Tsopano, kuwopa kuti mungaganize kuti azimayi okhawo omwe amangolemba zodabwitsazi panthawiyo, ndikufuna ndikuwonetseni onse Ndinali Wachinyamata Wachinyamata ndi Ndinali Wachinyamata Frankenstein. Makanema onsewa adatulutsidwa mu 1957 ndipo onse adasewera oposa m'modzi osalemba mwanzeru.

Choyamba, Ndinali Mwana Wamphongo Wachinyamata Michael Landon wokhala ndi nyenyezi, wachinyamata wazaka zochepa chabe wamanyazi kuthamanga kwake kumadzulo, Bonanza.

Tony Rivers (Landon) ali ndi vuto lothana ndi mkwiyo, ndipo atatuluka pang'ono, adalimbikitsidwa kukaonana ndi wazamisala komwe amalankhula za ukali wachilengedwe mkati mwake. A Brandon mwachangu amalimbikitsa mtundu wina wamankhwala obwezeretsanso kwa mnyamatayo.

Panthawiyo, mankhwala obwezeretsanso anali "yankho" lodziwika bwino lakuchiritsa anthu. Lingaliro lidali kuti amubwezeretse wodwalayo muzu wazokhumba zawo ndikuwachotsa kuti asathenso kutengera "zilakolako zosakhala zachilengedwe".

A Brandon, komabe, akupitilira apo, akukhulupirira kuti pali maubwino okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe choyambacho, ndipo mpaka mpaka kukauza Tony kuti kale anali chilombo ndipo padzakhala phindu lobwerera kudziko limenelo.

Pasanapite nthawi, Brandon watulutsa chilombocho kwa Tony yemwe akuyamba kupha anthu. Sikoyerekeza kwakukulu kuti agwirizanitse mawonekedwe ake achinyama ndi ziwonetsero za anthu achikazi. Zomwe munthu akuyenera kuchita ndikumvera andale komanso anthu achipembedzo omwe amafanizira kufatsa ndi nyama.

Chifukwa chake pano tili ndi uthenga wovuta. Pali amuna achikulire, olanda nyama omwe akufuna kupha ana anu ndikuwasandutsa "chinthu chachilendo." Kutsatira mutu wazitsanzo zam'mbuyomu, onsewa amayenera kufa.

Koma Ndinali Wachinyamata Frankenstein, tili ndi bambo wachikulire, wolanda nyama, nthawi ino monganso a Pulofesa Frankenstein omwe aganiza zodzipangira okha anyamata kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana omwe adatolera, onse kuchokera kuzitsanzo "zapamwamba kwambiri".

Amatengera gawo latsopano pomwe Frankenstein amayang'ana nyama yake yopanda malaya ndikumayang'ana pomwe akuchita.

Apanso, pamapeto pake amuna onsewa amafa kuti afe.

Uthengawu unali womveka bwino panthawiyi. Mowopsya, anali zigawenga komanso zilombo zomwe zitha kuyimira zovuta zawo, ndipo pamapeto pake amayenera kuwonongedwa.

Code Hays idakhala kwakanthawi, koma pamapeto pake idachotsedwa. Chifukwa chake zikutanthauza kuti zilombazi ziyenera kutuluka mu chipinda, sichoncho?

Osati ndendende.

Kulemba ma Queer kumaseweredwa bwino, koma nthawi zambiri mumapeza munthu yemwe amalembedwa yemwe sanali chilombo, komanso chodabwitsa, amaloledwa kukhala ndi moyo!

Tenga, mwachitsanzo, The Haunting kuyambira 1963. Iyi inali kanema yokongola komanso imodzi mwazomwe ndimakonda kwambiri.

In The Haunting, Theo, yemwe adasewera ndi Claire Bloom, amadziwika kuti ndi wachinyamata. Nthawi ina Nell atapsa mtima, amatchulanso Theo kuti ndi "zolakwika mwachilengedwe." Komabe, mosiyana ndi omwe adalipo kale, iye ndi wokongola popanda kugonana. Amawonekeranso ngati woteteza a Nell (Julie Harris) wosauka, m'malo mongowononga.

Chodabwitsa kwambiri, komabe, Theo amapulumuka mpaka kumapeto kwa kanema!

Chifukwa chake, mwachiwonekere zinthu zinali kukhala bwino ndipo posachedwa zinthu zidzasintha kwathunthu, sichoncho?

Ayi, chizolowezi cholemba anzawo m'malo molemba anthu wamba. Ngakhale maampires achiwerewere adakhala chinthu chachikulu mzaka za m'ma 70s, zolemba zamatsenga ndizomwe zidalamulira m'malo mosiyana.

Tidaziwona m'ma 80s ndimakanema ngati Zowopsa pa Elm Street 2 inde, kunyengerera kwake kunali paliponse, koma kunatengera kupsompsona amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuti pamapeto pake mugonjetse munthu woyipayo. Ndipo pena pomwe queerness inali pafupi kwambiri ndi pamwamba, kunena, Musaope Choipa, cakali kwaambwa kuti cakali cibi cikonzya kunyonyoonwa.

Ndipo apo panali Msasa Wogona.

Osewera owopsa adadabwitsidwa ndikuwululidwa kwadzidzidzi kumapeto kwa kanemayo kuti Angela adalidi Peter nthawi yonseyi ndipo adayamba kuwawerengera zambiri kuti anali munthu wopanga ma transgender kuwapangitsa kukhala m'modzi mwamanyazi omwe akhala akudziwika molakwika makamaka ndi olemba ndemanga molunjika pa mtunduwo.

Kulemba kwawo modzidzimutsa kunali kochenjera kwambiri mpaka nthawi yomaliza ija ndipo kufanana kwake ndi anthu amtunduwu ndikupereka chitsanzo choyipa, ndikulimbikitsa lingaliro loti akufuna kukupusitsani, kukupangitsani kuti mukhulupirire kuti sianthu, komanso kuti ndiowopsa .

Angela, sanali wotengeka kwambiri chifukwa anali wovutitsidwa ndi mayi wosalumikizidwa, ndipo opanga makanema adasankha mphindi yotsika mtengo yomwe idakhazikitsa malo ake m'mbiri yamtunduwu, koma sizinawonongeke mamembala am'deralo.

N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti kufanana kwa munthu wokhala ndi choipa kunakhalabe kokwanira m'zaka za zana la 21 pamene ife tinayamba kuona anthu omwe amawonetsedwa poyera m'mafilimu owopsya, komabe mawonekedwe omwe anthu a LGBTQ akhala akufunafuna ndi osowa ndipo kuphatikizidwa kwake kuli kutali . Tiyeneranso kupitirira "kupha" gay "trope.

Komabe pali chiyembekezo kumapeto. Ndimawona m'mafilimu ndi ochita zisudzo omwe ndidayankhulana nawo pamndandanda wathu wamwezi wa Horror Pride. Iwo akulemba nkhani zodabwitsa za queer m'malo amtundu.

Ndimawona m'mafilimu ngati Kutenga kwa Deborah Logan, komwe amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amazindikira ndikukhazikika popanda kudekha kwake kukhala gawo lofunikira pankhaniyi. Ndimawona ku Lyle komwe amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sagonana mopitirira muyeso, koma amangokhala ngati achichepere omwe amapezeka mumkhalidwe woopsa.

Ndikuwona izi ngati Chilling Adventures ya Sabrina yomwe imafotokoza momveka bwino za anthu amitundu yosiyana siyana komanso azikhalidwe zogonana, komanso Kusuntha kwa Nyumba ya Hill, zomwe pomaliza pake zidatulutsa Theo kuchipinda.

Mwina, mwina, nthawi yathu yafika.

Bwerani nane nthawi yotsatira, pa gawo lachitatu ndi lomaliza la mndandandawu pomwe tikambirana zachinyengo, ndipo zikomo chifukwa chotsatira zathu Mwezi Wodzikuza Wowopsa!